Three days after I was born, on the night of 9–10 November 1938, synagogues were set alight by the Nazis, Jewish homes and businesses were ransacked and some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Kristallnacht!
It marked a turning point: Nazi persecution of Jews moved from discrimination and exclusion to open violence on the streets. Many tried to flee, only to find that other countries would not take them in.
The Nazis called it Kristallnacht – “crystal night”, or the night of broken glass.
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